In effect, those already in positions of influence and status have quietly agreed to raise the minimum requirements for employment” (Hauhart 2016:265).
Collins (1979), for example, has persuasively demonstrated how educational institutions have supported professionalization through the proliferation of programs, degrees, and certification schemes that have been used by government, business, and other organizations to increase for formal credential and licensure requirements for many positions. “Equally as important as the invidious barriers to opportunity that remain entrenched in our society are the legitimized, ostensibly meritocratic requirements built into the entire notion of bureaucratic credentialism.In the most equitable of America’s social institutions, the gender of the child becomes a key determinant in his or her educational journey” (Lindsey 2016:352). Education is a sorting process designed to benefit students and society, but gendered schooling brings benefits for some students and liabilities for others. A college degree is the minimum credential for the most prestigious and financially rewarding positions. Like other nations in the developed world, the United States is oriented to credentialism-an individual’s qualifications for a job or another position are based on formal education or training. “Compared to other social institutions, education is probably the most equitable.British English – /fAWm-uhl e-dyu-kAY-shuhn/.American English – /fOR-muhl ej-uh-kAY-shuhn/.
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